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Cooling Tower
Evaporative cooling system design with approach, range, effectiveness, and Merkel NTU
Temperatures
Flow Rates
Typical: 3–5, up to 8 with treatment
Quick Reference
Range = Hot − Cold
Approach = Cold − Wet Bulb
Typical approach: 2–5°C
Typical L/G ratio: 0.75–1.5
Evaporation: ~0.1% per °C of range
Design Recommendations
✓Good approach within typical range
Performance Results
Range
10.0°C
Approach
5.0°C
Effectiveness
66.7%
Heat Transfer
Heat Load:1,162.78 kW
L/G Ratio:0.83
NTU (Merkel):1.21
Mass Flow Rates
Water (Liquid):100,000 kg/h
Air (Gas):120,000 kg/h
Water Losses
Evaporation Loss:1.00 m³/h (1.00%)
Blowdown:0.33 m³/h
Drift Loss:0.020 m³/h
Total Makeup:1.35 m³/h (1.35%)